Презентация Axles and shafts

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Рис.1 AXLES AND SHAFTS

Рис.2 AXLES AND SHAFTS Links intended to carry rotating elements (pulleys, sprockets, pinions, gears, half-couplings, etc. ) are called as axles or shafts.

Рис.3 AXLES Axles are intended to support rotating parts that do not transmit torques and are subjected to bending only.

Рис.4 SHAFTS Shafts are designed to carry links which transmit torques and experience both bending and torsion.

Рис.5 CLASSIFICATION OF SHAFTS According to purpose Shafts of various drives (gear drives, belt drives, chain drives and so on); Main shafts of mechanisms and machines whose function is to carry not only drive elements but other elements that do not transmit torques such as rotors, fly-wheels, turbine disks, etc.

Рис.6 CLASSIFICATION OF SHAFTS 2. According to the shape Straight shafts; Cranked shafts; Flexible shafts.

Рис.7 CLASSIFICATION OF SHAFTS 3. According to the construction Shafts of constant cross section (without steps); Shafts of variable cross section (of stepped configuration); Shafts made solid with gears or worms.

Рис.8 CLASSIFICATION OF SHAFTS 4. According to the shape of the cross section Shafts with solid circular cross section; Shafts with hollow circular cross section; Shafts with keyways; Shafts with splines; Shafts with rectangular cross section.

Рис.9 SHAFTS Portion of the shaft which is in contact with a bearing is called journal. We will distinguish between end journal, neck journal and thrust journal.

Рис.10 CALCULATION OF SHAFTS Strength; Rigidity; Oscillations.

Рис.11 CALCULATION OF SHAFTS FOR STRENGTH Determination of the minimum diameter of the shaft; Designing the shaft construction; Strength analysis of the shaft.

Рис.12 DETERMINATION OF THE MINIMUM DIAMETER OF THE SHAFT Minimum diameter of the shaft is determined taking into account torsion stresses only. In order to compensate neglect of bending stresses the allowable torsion stress is assumed as down rated ([=20…40 MPa).

Рис.13 DESIGNING THE SHAFT CONSTRUCTION Input shaft

Рис.14 SEALS Seals are divided into: Commercial seals (Lip-type seals); Labyrinth seals; Groove seals; Combined seals.

Рис.15 DESIGNING THE SHAFT CONSTRUCTION Input bevel pinion shaft

Рис.16 DESIGNING THE SHAFT CONSTRUCTION Intermediate shaft

Рис.17 DESIGNING THE SHAFT CONSTRUCTION Output shaft

Рис.18 SPUR GEAR Thickness of the rim δ = (3…4)·m; Thickness of the web C = (0. 2…0. 3)·bg; Diameter of the hub dhub=(1. 5…1. 7)·dshaft; Length of the hub lhub=(1. 2…1. 5)·dshaft; Diameter of the hole dhole=(D0-dhub)/4; Diameter of the hole centre line Dc=(D0+dhub)/4; ; Fillet radii R ≥ 6 mm; Angle γ ≥ 7º.

Рис.19 WORM GEAR Thickness of the bronze ring δ1= 2·m; Thickness of the steel rim δ2= 2·m; Thickness of the web C = 0. 2…0. 3)·bg; Diameter of the hub dhub=(1. 5…1. 7)·dshaft; Length of the hub lhub=(1. 2…1. 5)·dshaft; Diameter of the screw ds=(1. 2…1. 4)·m; Length of the screw ls=(0. 3…0. 4)·bg; Diameter of the hole dhole=(D0-dhub)/4; Diameter of the hole centre line Dc=(D0+dhub)/4; Width and height of the collar h = 0. 15·bg; t = 0. 8·h ; Fillet radii R ≥ 6 mm Angle γ ≥ 7º.

Рис.20 SKETCH LAYOUT Double stage spur gear speed reducer

Рис.21 SKETCH LAYOUT Double stage coaxial spur gear speed reducer

Рис.22 SKETCH LAYOUT Bevel gears

Рис.23 SKETCH LAYOUT Double stage bevel and spur gear speed reducer

Рис.24 STRENGTH ANALYSIS OF THE SHAFT

Рис.25 STRENGTH ANALYSIS OF THE SHAFT

Рис.26 STRENGTH ANALYSIS OF THE SHAFT Checking:

Рис.27 STRENGTH ANALYSIS OF THE SHAFT T

Рис.28 STRENGTH ANALYSIS OF THE SHAFT Calculation of the shaft for fatigue strength

Рис.29 STRENGTH ANALYSIS OF THE SHAFT Calculation of the shaft for fatigue strength

Рис.30 STRENGTH ANALYSIS OF THE SHAFT for carbon steels; for alloy steels.

Рис.31 STRENGTH ANALYSIS OF THE SHAFT The most typical stress concentrations of the shaft

Рис.32 RIGIDITY ANALYSIS OF THE SHAFT Flexural rigidity

Рис.33 RIGIDITY ANALYSIS OF THE SHAFT

Рис.34 RIGIDITY ANALYSIS OF THE SHAFT

Рис.35 RIGIDITY ANALYSIS OF THE SHAFT Basic criterion of torsional rigidity is the angle of twist.

Рис.36 CALCULATION OF THE SHAFT FOR OSCILLATIONS - static deflection;

Рис.37 CALCULATION OF THE SHAFT FOR OSCILLATIONS - critical rotational speed,

Рис.38 CALCULATION OF THE SHAFT FOR OSCILLATIONS - rigid shafts;